Smith Corporation has gone through bankruptcy and is ready to emerge as a reorganized entity on December 31, 2009. On this date, the company has the following assets (fair value is based on dis¬ counting the anticipated future cash flows):

Book Value Fair Value Accounts receivable.

. $ 20,000

$ 18,000 Inventory.

. 143,000 111,000 Land and buildings.

. 250,000 LO4 278,000 Machinery.

. 144,000 121,000 Patents.

. 100,000 125,000 The company has a reorganization value of $800,000.

Smith has 50,000 shares of $10 par value common stock outstanding. A deficit Retained Earnings balance of $670,000 also is reported. The owners will distribute 30,000 shares of this stock as part of the reorganization plan.

The company’s liabilities will be settled as follows:

• Accounts payable of $180,000 (existing at the date on which the order for relief was granted) will be settled with an 8 percent, two-year note for $35,000.

• Accounts payable of $97,000 (incurred since the date on which the order for reliefwas granted) will be paid in the regular course of business.

• Note payable—First Metropolitan Bank of $200,000 will be settled with an 8 percent, five-year note for $50,000 and 15,000 shares of the stock contributed by the owners.

• Note payable—Northwestern Bank ofTulsa of $350,000 will be settled with a 7 percent, eight- year note for $100,000 and 15,000 shares of the stock contributed by the owners.

a. How does Smith Corporation’s accountant know that fresh start accounting must be utilized?

b. Prepare a balance sheet for Smith Corporation upon its emergence from reorganization.