What is the hazard ratio for COPD mortality among men for smokers of ‰¥20 pack-years vs. never smokers? Provide a 95% CI.

The results in Table 14.37 were obtained from the study.

Table 14.37 Risk factors for COPD death among 169,871 study participants, China, 1991ˆ’2000

 

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Men Women Baseline risk factor se se Age, 10 years Alcohol consumption (at least 12 times in past year) Cigarette smoking 1-19 pack-years 2 20 pack-years Hypertension No high school education Physical inactivity Underweight (BMI <18.5) Living in Northern China Living in rural China 1.030 0.031 0.997 0.034 -0.174 0.064 0.365 0.153 0.109 -0.062 0.091 0.300 0.166 0.067 0.571 0.100 0.049 0.063 0.058 0.069 0.904 0.863 0.110 0.202 0.300 0.451 0.082 0.073 0.065 0.978 0.956 0.073 0.062 0.329 0.548 0.073 0.071 0.761 0.582 0.074