As discussed in the text, an ordinary annuity assumes equal payments at the end of each period over the life of the annuity. An annuity due is the same thing except the payments occur at the beginning of each period instead. Thus, a three-year annual annuity due would have periodic payment cash flows occurring at Years 0, 1, and 2, whereas a three-year annual ordinary annuity would have periodic payment cash flows occurring at Years 1, 2, and 3.

a. At a 10.5 percent annual discount rate, find the present value of a six-year ordinary annuity contract of $475 payments.

b. Find the present value of the same contract if it is an annuity due.