Training for overseas managers typically focuses on cultural differences, on how attitudes influence behav- ior, and on factual knowledge about the target country. The most common approach to formulating expatriate pay is to equalize purchasing power across countries, a technique known as the balance sheet approach. The employer estimates expenses for income taxes, housing. goods and services, and discretionary costs, and pays supplements to the expatriate in such a way as to main- tain the same standard of living he or she would have had at home.? L0254