Consider flow from a water reservoir through a circular hole of diameter D at the side wall at a vertical distance H from the free surface. The flow rate through an actual hole with a sharp-edged entrance (K_L= 0.5) is considerably less than the flow rate calculated assuming ??frictionless?? flow and thus zero loss for the hole. Disregarding the effect of the kinetic energy correction factor, obtain a relation for the ??equivalent diameter?? of the sharp-edged hole for use in frictionless flow relations.

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Dequiv Actual flow Frictionless flow