A 20-m-long and 8-cm-diameter hot-water pipe of a district heating system is buried in the soil 80 cm below the ground surface. The outer surface temperature of the pipe is 60°C. Taking the surface temperature of the earth to be 5°C and the thermal conductivity of the soil at that location to be 0.9 W/m · K, determine the rate of heat loss from the pipe.

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80 cm 5°C 20-m -60°C D = 8cm