A decision maker wishes to test the following null and alternative hypotheses using an alpha level equal to 0.05:

The population standard deviations are assumed to be known. After collecting the sample data, the test statistic is computed to be
Z = 1.78
a. Using the test statistic approach, what conclusion should be reached about the null hypothesis?
b. Using the p -value approach, what decision should be reached about the null hypothesis?
c. Will the two approaches (test statistic and p -value) ever provide different conclusions based on the same sample data? Explain.