Indicate the effect—Understate, Overstate, No Effect—that each of the following errors has on 2012 net income and 2013 net income.

                                                                                            2012                 2013
(a) Equipment purchased in 2010 was expensed.              _____               _____
(b) Wages payable were not recorded at 12/31/12.            _____               _____
(c) Equipment purchased in 2012 was expensed.              _____                _____
(d) 2012 ending inventory was overstated.                        _____                _____
(e) Patent amortization was not recorded in 2013.            _____                _____