On January 1, 2024, Instaform, Inc., issued 10% bonds with a face amount of $50 million, dated January 1.
∙ The bonds mature in 2043 (20 years).
∙ The market yield for bonds of similar risk and maturity is 12%.
∙ Interest is paid semiannually.

Required:
1. Determine the price of the bonds at January 1, 2024, and prepare the journal entry to record their issuance by Instaform.
2. Assume the market rate was 9%. Determine the price of the bonds at January 1, 2024, and prepare the journal entry to record their issuance by Instaform.
3. Assume Broadcourt Electronics purchased the entire issue in a private placement of the bonds. Using the data in requirement 2, prepare the journal entry to record the purchase by Broadcourt.