Insert the missing word:

It has been said about the importance of understanding soft controls:

As managements move into . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . modes, they need help with the transition. Most of all, they need us to be an independent, objective observer who will give them the kind of realistic, honest, substantial feedback that most people in the organisation won’t provide.

a. fire fighting

b. performance

c. empowerment

d. supervisory