Many studies have surveyed mothers and fathers about their behaviors (diet, health, etc.) at or immediately before the time of the conception of their baby in an attempt to find connections between these behaviors and the sex of the baby.
a. Are these studies observational studies or experiments?
b. Will a cause-and-eff ect conclusion be possible?
c. Identify the observational units in these studies.
d. Identify the explanatory variables in these studies.
e. Identify the response variable in these studies.