Analyze each of the following investigations, or arguments, and indicate which of the methods of causal reasoning—Mill’s methods—are being used in each of them:

The largest and longest-running study of American child care has found that keeping a preschooler in a day care center for a year or more increased the likelihood that the child would become disruptive in class—and that this effect persisted through the sixth grade. Every year spent in such centers for at least 10 hours per week was associated with a 1 percent higher score on a standardized assessment of problem behaviors completed by teachers. Parents’ guidance, and their genes, had the strongest influence on how children behaved—but this finding about the impact of day care centers held up regardless of the child’s sex, or family income, and regardless of the quality of the day care center.
—National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, “Early Child Care and Youth Development,” 26 March 2007