Cerawell Products Company is a ceramics manufacturer that is facing several challenges in its operations due to economic and industry conditions. The company is currently preparing its annual plan and budget. Which one of the following is subject to the least control by the management of Cerawell in the current fiscal year?

a. A new machine that was purchased this year has not helped reduce Cerawell’s unfavorable labor efficiency variances.

b. A competitor has achieved an unexpected technological breakthrough that has given them a significant quality advantage and has caused Cerawell to lose market share.

c. Vendors have asked that the contract price for the goods they supply to Cerawell be renegotiated and adjusted for inflation.

d. Experienced employees have decided to terminate their employment with Cerawell and go to work for the competition.