Value chain. Johnson & Johnson, a pharmaceutical company, incurs the following costs:

a. Cost of redesigning blister packs to make drug containers more tamper-proof

b. Cost of videos sent to doctors to promote sales of a new drug

c. Equipment purchased by a scientist to conduct experiments on drugs vet to be approved byt he federal government

d. Cost of fees paid to members of J & J's board of directors

e. Cost of Federal Express courier service to deliver drugs to hospitals Assign each of these cost items to the appropriate part of the value chain shown in Exhibit 1.4.