Which of the following statements is true? (You may select more than one answer.)

a. The standard quantity per unit defines the amount of direct materials that should be used for each unit of finished goods.

b. The “standard quantity allowed for actual output” equals the actual output of finished goods multiplied by the standard quantity per unit.

c. The materials price variance measures the difference between an input’s actual price and its standard price, multiplied by the standard quantity purchased.

d. The materials quantity variance measures the difference between the actual quantity of materials used in production and the standard quantity of materials allowed for the actual output, multiplied by the standard price per unit of materials.