14.51 Publish or Perish In the academic world, students and their faculty advisors often collaborate on research papers, producing works in which publica- tion credit can take several forms. In theory, the first authorship of a student's paper should be given to the student unless the input from the faculty advisor was substantial. In an attempt to see whether this is, in fact, the case, authorship credit was studied for different levels of faculty input and two objectives (dissertation versus non-degree research). The frequency of author assignment decisions for published dissertations is shown in the table as assigned by 60 faculty members and 161 students.

a. Is there sufficient evidence to indicate a dependence between the authorship assignment and the input of the faculty advisor as judged by faculty members? Test using a = 0.01.

b. Is there sufficient evidence to indicate a dependence between the authorship assignment and the input of the faculty advisor as judged by students? Test using a = 0.01.

c. If there is a dependence in the two classifications from parts a and

b, does it appear from looking at the data that students are more likely to assign a higher authorship to their faculty advisors than the advisors themselves?

d. Have any of the assumptions necessary for the anal- ysis used in parts a and b been violated? What affect might this have on the validity of your conclusions?

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Authorship Assignment Faculty Respondents High Input Medium Input Low Input Faculty first author, 0 0 student mandatory second author Student first author, 15 12 3 faculty mandatory second author Student first author, 2 7 7 faculty courtesy second author Student sole author 2 3 5 Authorship Assignment Student Respondents High Input Medium Input Low Input Faculty first author, 19 6 2 student mandatory second author Student first author, 19 41 27 faculty mandatory second author Student first author, 3 7 31 faculty courtesy second author Student sole author 0 3 3