54. Grip is applied to produce normal surface forces that compress the object being gripped. Examples include two x|

x n 5 5 gxi gx 2 5 24,657,511 i 5 20,179 people shaking hands, or a nurse squeezing a patient’s forearm to stop bleeding. The article “Investigation of Grip Force, Normal Force, Contact Area, Hand Size, and Handle Size for Cylindrical Handles” (Human Factors, 2008:

734–744) included the following data on grip strength (N)

for a sample of 42 individuals:

16 18 18 26 33 41 54 56 66 68 87 91 95 98 106 109 111 118 127 127 135 145 147 149 151 168 172 183 189 190 200 210 220 229 230 233 238 244 259 294 329 403

a. Construct a stem-and-leaf display based on repeating each stem value twice, and comment on interesting features.

b. Determine the values of the fourths and the fourthspread.

c. Construct a boxplot based on the five-number summary, and comment on its features.

d. How large or small does an observation have to be to qualify as an outlier? An extreme outlier? Are there any outliers?

e. By how much could the observation 403, currently the largest, be decreased without affecting fs?