Four different standardized reading achievement tests were administered to each of 5 students, with the scores shown in the table resulting. Each value in this set of 20 data points is affected by two factors, namely, the exam and the student whose score on that exam is being recorded. The exam factor has 4 possible values, or levels, and the student factor has 5 possible levels.

In general, let us suppose that there are m possible levels of the first factor and n possible levels of the second. Let Xij denote the value obtained when the first factor is at level i and the 

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Student Exam 1 2 3 4 5 1 75 234 78 80 73 3786 60 70 86 71 64 72 90 69 62 70 85 63 80 92