Is there any systematic tendency for part-time college faculty to hold their students to different standards than do full-time faculty? The article “Are There Instructional Differences Between Full-Time and Part-Time Faculty?” (College Teaching, 2009: 23–26) reported that for a sample of 125 courses taught by full-time faculty, the mean course GPA was 2.7186 and the standard deviation was .63342, whereas for a sample of 88 courses taught by part-timers, the mean and standard deviation were 2.8639 and .49241, respectively.

Does it appear that true average course GPA for part-time faculty differs from that for faculty teaching full-time? Test the appropriate hypotheses at significance level .01 by first obtaining a P-value.