Shocks occur according to a Poisson process with rate , and each shock independently causes a certain system to fail with probability p. Let T denote the time at which the system fails and let N denote the number of shocks that it takes.

(a) Find the conditional distribution of T given that N-n.

(b) Calculate the conditional distribution of N, given that T = 1, and notice that it is distributed as 1 plus a Poisson random variable with mean (1 - p)t.

(c) Explain how the result in part

(b) could have been obtained without any calculations.