Suppose that the two supervisors are each observed on three randomly selected days for each of the three different shifts. The average outputs for the three shifts are shown in Table 11.4 for each of the supervisors. Look at the relationship between the two factors in the line chart for these means, shown in Figure 11.9. Notice that supervi- sor 2 always produces a higher output, regardless of the shift. The two factors behave independently; that is, the output is always about 100 units higher for supervisor 2, no matter which shift you look at.

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Average Outputs for Two Supervisors on Three Shifts Shift Supervisor Day Swing Night 1 487 498 550 2 602 602 637