The accompanying data on cortisol level was reported in the article “Cortisol, Cortisone, and 11-Deoxycortisol Levels in Human Umbilical and Maternal Plasma in Relation to the Onset of Labor” (J. of Obstetric Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth, 1974: 737–745). Experimental subjects were pregnant women whose babies were delivered between 38 and 42 weeks gestation. Group 1 individuals elected to deliver by Caesarean section before labor onset, group 2 delivered by emergency Caesarean during induced labor, and group 3 individuals experienced spontaneous labor. Use the Kruskal-Wallis test at level .05 to test for equality of the three population means.

Group 1 262 307 211 323 454 339 304 154 287 356 Group 2 465 501 455 355 468 362 Group 3 343 772 207 1048 838 687