In this exercise, as in Exercise 1.4.34, we eliminate elections with more than two major party candidates as well as elections with two candidates of the same height. In addition, we eliminate the two elections in which George Washington was unopposed and five elections with missing data. Consider four different datasets: 

A. Elections from 1960 (Kennedy) to the present: n = 15, p̂ = 9/15 = 0.60 

B. Elections from Theodore Roosevelt (1904) to the present: n = 26, p̂ = 20/26 = 0.7692 

C. Elections from John Adams (1796) through William McKinley (1900): n = 16, p̂ = 5/16 = 0.3125 

D. Elections from John Adams (1796) to the present: n = 42, p̂ = 25/42 = 0.5952 

a. The four p-values, from smallest to largest, are 0.0047, 0.1400, 0.3036, 0.9616. Match each dataset (A–D) with its p-value. 

b. What do you conclude about the hypothesis that taller candidates are more likely to win?

Data from Exercises 1.4.34

In the first election of the 20th century, Theodore Roosevelt (178 cm) defeated Alton B. Parker (175 cm). There have been 28 additional elections since then, for a total of 29. Of these, 26 elections had only two major party candidates with one taller than the other. In 20 of the 26 elections, the taller candidate won.