Similar to Exercise 9.2.33, researchers Dumas and Dunbar wanted to compare the creativity of students with different majors at their university, specifically biology, physics, art, and theater. As a measure of participants’ creativity, they were shown 10 items and asked to generate as many different uses for these items as possible. Results similar to those found by the researchers are in the file CreativeMajors. Put the data in the Multiple Means applet to answer (a)–(g). 

a. Identify the explanatory and response variables and describe the type (categorical or quantitative) of each. 

b. State the hypotheses in words or symbols. 

c. Put the data into the Multiple Means applet and give the four mean numbers of uses for the items. Which major had the highest mean? Which had the lowest? 

d. Do the conditions appear to be met for a theory-based ANOVA test? Explain. 

e. Use theory-based inference to find a p-value and determine whether there is strong evidence of an association between people’s major and their creativity. 

f. If you have significant results, use follow-up confidence intervals to find which groups differ significantly from which other groups. 

g. Use the ANOVA table to help you calculate the value of R² for this study. What does that value mean in the context of the study?

Data from Exercise 9.2.33

Researchers Dumas and Dunbar wanted to see whether stereotypes related to creativity can influence a subject’s creativity. The 96 subjects were randomly placed into three groups of 32 each. One group was told to imagine that they were rigid librarians, another group was to imagine they were eccentric poets, and the third group was used a control and were not told to imagine themselves as anything. As a measure of participants’ creativity, they were then shown names of 10 items (book, fork, table, hammer, pants, trumpet, truck, carrot, shovel, and sandals) and asked to generate as many different uses for these items as possible. Results consistent with that of the study are found in the file LibrarianPoetControl. We will use these results to determine whether there is an association between the people’s imagined stereotype and their creativity.