You may have heard the phrase “Music soothes the savage beast,” which is actually a misquote of a line of poetry by William Congreve. Researchers (Wallace et al., 2017) examined what effect music had on captive chimpanzees. In particular, they compared the number of incidences of social behavior described as playing, grooming another chimpanzee, or being groomed by another chimpanzee in an environment when music was playing versus the same chimpanzee behavior when no music was playing. We want to test to see whether, on average, there is difference in the number of incidences of social behavior with the chimpanzees between when music is present and when it is not. Put the data from the file MusicSocial in the Matched Pairs applet to answer (a)–(e). 

a. Explain why these data should be considered paired. 

b. What are the mean number of social behaviors for each condition (with music vs. without music)? Which condition resulted in more social behaviors on average? 

c. What is the average difference in the number of social behaviors (music – no music)? 

d. Appropriately randomize at least 1,000 times and determine a p-value. 

e. Based on the p-value, state a conclusion in the context of the study