Navistar International makes a variety of vehicles, including farm equipment. It has various defined benefit pension plans. Table 8.3 shows its statement of comprehensive income for the three years ended in October 2012 to 2014. The schedule is from the company’s Form 10-K. Because the income was negative each year, it is titled a statement of comprehensive loss.

The items in this statement related to pensions largely relate to changes in estimates made by the actuaries.

A. What was the effect of the pension plans on comprehensive income in 2013?

B. What was the net loss in 2013 on the income statement?

C. What would the net loss have been on the income statement if all effects of pension plans were shown in net income?

D. Would the net loss on the income statement have been significantly different in each year if the full effect of pension plans had to be shown in net income? Explain.

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Table 8.3 Navistar International Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (USD $) In millions, unless otherwise specified 12 months ended October 31 2014 2013 2012 Net loss Other comprehensive income (loss): Foreign currency translation adjustment Unrealized gain on marketable securities Defined benefit plans (net of tax of $(2), $(233), and $14) Total other comprehensive income (loss) Total comprehensive loss $ (619) $ (898) $ (3,010) (52) (51) (125) 1 0 0 (388) 552 (256) (439) 501 (381) $ (1,058) $ (397) $ (3,391)