In Section 2.3, we learned about reversible and irreversible processes in the context of a pistoncylinder assembly

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In Section 2.3, we learned about reversible and irreversible processes in the context of a piston–cylinder assembly undergoing isothermal expansion and compression processes. Four of these processes are summarized in Figure 3.2:

(i) Irreversible expansion, process A 

(ii) Irreversible compression, process B 

(iii) Reversible expansion, processes E 

(iv) Reversible compression, processes Fimage text in transcribed

Calculate Δsuniv for each of these isothermal processes and show that the result is consistent with the second law of thermodynamics.

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