Recall the data from the Physicians’ Health Study: Of the 11,034 physicians who took the placebo, 189 suffered heart attacks during the study. Of the 11,037 physicians who took aspirin, 104 had heart attacks.

a. Define the parameters of interest. Assign symbols to these parameters.

b. State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses in symbols.

c. Explain why it would be okay to use the theory-based method (that is, normal distribution based method) to find a confidence interval for this study. d. Use an appropriate applet to find and report the theory-based 99% confidence interval. Interpret the 99% confidence interval in the context of the study.

e. Also, use the appropriate applet to find and report the theory-based p-value.

f. Is there very strong evidence of a difference in the probability of heart attacks between aspirin takers and non– aspirin takers? How are you deciding?

g. Based on your findings, state a complete conclusion about the study. Be sure to address significance, estimation (confidence interval), causation, and generalization.

h. Relatively speaking, is the 99% confidence interval narrow or wide? Explain why that makes sense.

i. Is there evidence of a very large difference in the probability of heart attacks between aspirin takers and non– aspirin takers? How are you deciding?