Studies have shown that young adults experience faster weight gain and consume more unhealthy food than any other age group. In a 2017 study published in PLOS One, Buchanan et. al examined the effects of online marketing on young adults’ consumption behaviors (Buchanan et al. 2017). Sixty young adults aged transformation 18 to 24 were recruited for the study and were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. Participants in each group completed a pre and post-tests designed to assess their attitudes towards and purchase intention of two popular energy drinks: Red Bull and V Energy. The experimental group was exposed to the websites and social media of these two energy drinks. The control group was exposed to the websites and social media of two nut bars: Carman’s and Go Natural. A portion of the data analysis using a Mann-Whitney test are shown in the table.

a. Based on the results shown, using a 0.05 significance level, was there a significant difference in the purchase intention towards the products shown in the table between the experimental and control groups? If so, for which product(s)? Explain.

b. In the study analysis section of the research article the researchers state: “Based on the data distribution, independent sample t-tests or Mann-Whitney tests were utilized to determine the changes in attitudes towards, and purchase intention of, energy drinks.” Explain how researchers would use the data distribution to determine which of these tests to use.

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Between group comparisons at post-test. Brand/Product Experimental Control Pvalue Purchase Red Bull 0.0 (-2.0) -1.0(-2.0) .087 intention (-2 to 2) Median (mode) V Energy -0.5 (-2.0) -2.0(-2.0) .044* Energy drink products (general) -1.0 (1.0) -1.5 (-2.0) .108