Linden plc started operations on January 1, 2014, and has used the FIFO method of inventory valuation since its inception. In 2019, it decides to switch to the average-cost method. You are provided with the following information.

Instructions

a. What is the beginning retained earnings balance at January 1, 2016, if Linden prepares comparative financial statements starting in 2016?

b. What is the beginning retained earnings balance at January 1, 2019, if Linden prepares comparative financial statements starting in 2019?

c. What is the beginning retained earnings balance at January 1, 2020, if Linden prepares single-period financial statements for 2020?

d. What is the net income reported by Linden in the 2019 income statement if it prepares comparative financial statements starting with 2017?