8. Jerry Joker, a notorious practitioner of pranks, wants to play one on his friend, Frank Friendly. Jerry takes a real gun and loads it with blanks.

He puts a stocking cap over his head so that he cannot be identified. At eleven o’clock at night, he rings Frank’s doorbell. When Frank answers, Jerry puts the gun two inches from Frank’s temple, says “Greetings from the Godfather,” and presses the trigger. Jerry intends that Frank merely be startled by the loud noise. Frank is not startled. However, a small piece of the casing from the blank breaks loose, and causes a small scratch on Frank’s face, which heals quickly. What tort(s), if any, has Jerry committed? _________________