Many of the items in the list are derived from John J. Hater and Bernard M. Bass, “Superiors’ Evaluations and Subordinates’ Perceptions of Transformational and Transactional Leadership,” Journal of Applied Psychology, November 1988, p. 65; Noel M. Tichy and Mary Anne Devanna, The Transformational Leader (New York: Wiley, 1990); Shaul Oreg and Yair Berson, “Leadership and Employees’

Reactions to Change: The Role of Leaders’ Personal Attributes and Transformational Leadership Style,”
Personnel Psychology, no. 3, 2011, pp. 627–659.