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life sciences
essentials of biology
Essentials of Biology 3rd edition Sylvia Mader, Michael Windelspecht - Solutions
Hemophilia, a blood disorder in humans, results from a sex linked recessive allele. Suppose that a daughter of a mother without the allele and a father with the allele marries a man with hemophilia. What is the probability that the daughter’s children will develop the disease? Describe how you
In a mating between a red-eyed male fruit fly and a white-eyed female fruit fly, what percentage of the male offspring will have white eyes?
In a mating between a red-eyed male fruit fly and a red-eyed heterozygous female, what percentage of the female offspring are expected to be carriers? How did you determine the percentage?
Did you mate Drosophila in the laboratory or did you perform genetic crosses using Punnett squares first? Why?
Describe the offspring phenotype and genotype ratios that resulted from crossing the parents that you chose on the Punnett squares. Using these ratios, what percentage of offspring are white-eyed? What percentage of offspring are red-eyed?
Describe the phenotypes and genotypes of the parents that you chose on the Punnett squares?
What genetic information can be obtained from a Punnett square? What genetic information cannot be determined from a Punnett square?
Explain why an organism with a homozygous dominant genotype has the same phenotype as an organism with a heterozygous genotype?
Can the genotype for a gray-bodied fly be determined? Why or why not? Describe all of the possible genotypes for a fly with that phenotype.
For one of the monohybrid crosses you performed in this Investigation, describe how to use the phenotype ratios to determine the percentage of offspring displaying each trait?
When studying cell division in tissue samples, scientists often calculate a mitotic index, which is the ratio of dividing cells to the total number of cells in the sample. Scientists often calculate the mitotic index to compare the growth rates of different types of tissue. Which type of tissue
Which type of cancer shows the most aggressive growth? Explain.
Based on your data and observations, what are some of the differences between normal cells and cancer cells?
Describe the similarities and differences between photosynthesis and cell respiration?
What are the processes in cellular respiration?
Why is photosynthesis important to you?
What happens to food energy during photosynthesis? During cellular respiration?
What is the importance of the light and dark reactions in photosynthesis?
Enzymes function most efficiently at the temperature of a typical cell, which is 37°C. Increases or decreases in temperature can significantly lower the reaction rate. What does this suggest about the importance of temperature regulating mechanisms in organisms? Explain.
What does your data indicate about the optimum pH level for this enzymecatalyzed reaction?
Explain why the maximum initial reaction rate cannot be reached at low substrate concentrations?
What is the maximum initial reaction rate for this enzyme at pH 7?
Describe the relationship between substrate concentration and the initial reaction rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Is this a linear relationship? What happens to the initial reaction rate as substrate concentration increases?
How do the data represented on the population bar graph compare to the data represented in the line graph titled Populations of Aquatic Invertebrates at Various pH Levels?
Suppose you are an ecologist studying the effects of acid precipitation on plant life. Describe an experiment you would perform in order to determine which plant species would be a useful indicator species for acid rain pollution?
What is an indicator species? How are indicator species used to assess pollution levels in the environment?
Describe how acid rain affects ecosystems?
What are the names of the species of invertebrates used in this experiment? Which of these species was the most tolerant of increased acidity in the aquarium? Which species were the least tolerant?
Explain how this experiment demonstrates that no two species can occupy the same niche?
Describe what happened when the Paramecium populations were mixed in the same test tube. Do the results support the principle of competitive exclusion?
Explain the differences in the population growth patterns of the two Paramecium species. What does this tell you about how Paramecium aurelia uses available resources?
On what day did the Paramecium aurelia population reach the carrying capacity of the environment? How do you know?
On what day did the Paramecium caudatum population reach the carrying capacity of the environment when it was grown alone? How do you know?
Explain how you tested your hypothesis?
Make a hypothesis about how you think the two species of Paramecium will grow alone and how they will grow when they are grown together?
Study the data you collected. Why is the population in the reef tank stable?
Study the data you collected. Describe the occurrences of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate in your tank?
Compare the initial and final populations. What changes did you make to make to keep the fish and invertebrates alive?
Describe the final population of the reef tank?
What problems, if any, did you have with any of the fish or invertebrates in the reef tank?
What changes did you make to your reef tank during the 12 weeks and why did you make them?
List the fish and invertebrates you selected after the nitrogen cycling process?
Could there be a food chain without herbivores and carnivores?
What would happen to an ecosystem if the decomposers disappeared?
What might happen to an ecological pyramid of numbers in a forest ecosystem if most of the deer were killed due to hunting by people and disease?
Does the population size increase or decrease at higher trophic levels in the pyramid of numbers of an ecosystem consisting of a tree, insects (that are herbivores) and birds feeding on the insects?
Compare and contrast two of the ecosystems you studied. How is the energy conversion efficiency similar or different?
According to your data, what is the ratio of third-order consumers to producers?
Suggest reasons why the information represented in the pyramid of numbers of animals of one of the ecosystems you studied may not truly represent that ecosystem?
A farmer planted a field of Bt 123 corn and wants to estimate the yield in terms of bushels per acre. He counts 22 ears in 1/1000 of an acre. He determines that each ear has about 700 kernels on average. He also knows that a bushel contains about 90 000 kernels on average. What is the farmer’s
Discuss possible benefits and drawbacks of a transgenic organism such as Bt corn?
What might happen if ECB became resistant to Bt?
What might happen if Bt corn affects non-target organisms such as beneficial insects or harmless insects?
If there was no ECB infestation in a certain year, would a farmer gain or lose financially by planting Bt corn?
Describe the effects of the ECB infestations you used. Were all corn varieties equally effective at controlling the ECB? How do you know?
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