Use the fracture toughness-modulus chart (Fig. 3.7) to find materials that have a fracture toughness \(K_{1 c}\) greater than \(40 \mathrm{MPa} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{1 / 2}\) and a toughness \(G_{1 c}=K_{1 c}^{2} / E\) (shown as contours on Fig. 3.7) greater than \(10 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{m}^{3}\).

Fig. 3.7

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1000 Fracture toughness - modulus 100 Design guidelines Fracture toughness, Kc (MPa.m1/2) 10 Metals Zinc alloys Composites Al alloys, Mg alloys Natural materials Lead alloys Leather PP PC Wood ABS- KJE Polymers KJE Elastomers EVA Polyurethane Silicone Ionomers elastomers Buty PTFE rubber 0.1 0.01 Prietaire polymer foams 0.001 Cork 0.01 0.1 Toughness G = kJ/m Cu alloys Ni alloys Steels Ti alloys OW alloys 100 10 Cast icens 0.1 Diamond SIGN SIC WC 0001 GFRP CFRP Brick Al2O3 Silicon 0.001 Stone Soda Saica Epoxies- Concrete Technical ceramics Nontechnical ceramics Foams Rigid polymer foams Lower limit for K MFA 15 10 100 1000 Young's modulus, E (GPa)