Explain how each of the following would affect the quantity of money demanded.

Does the change cause a movement along the money demand curve or a shift of the money demand curve?

a. Short-term interest rates rise from 5% to 30%.

b. All prices fall by 10%.

c. New wireless technology automatically charges supermarket purchases to credit cards, eliminating the need to stop at the cash register.

d. In order to avoid paying a sharp increase in taxes, residents of Laguria shift their assets into overseas bank accounts. These accounts are harder for tax authorities to trace but also harder for their owners to tap and convert funds into cash.