Some observers maintain that not all politicians move toward the middle of the political spectrum in order to obtain votes. They often cite Barry Goldwater in the 1964 presidential election and George McGovern in the 1972 presidential election as examples. Goldwater was viewed as occupying the right end of the political spectrum and McGovern as occupying the left end. Would these two examples necessarily be evidence that does not support the median voter model? Are they exceptions to the theory explained in this chapter?