Discuss the problems of measuring productivity in actual work situations. How might productivity be measured for each of the following industries?

a. Education (e.g., elementary and secondary education, higher education—undergraduate and graduate)

b. Government (e.g., the Social Security Office, the Internal Revenue Service)

c. Manufacturing (e.g., soap and toothpaste, computers, heavy machinery)

d. Finance and insurance (e.g., banks, insurance companies, brokerage houses)