1 Individual competencies reside within the individuals who work for the organisation. This might include such necessary skills as those of a doctor, specialist learning derived from a research specialism (as might be the case in a university), or even a skill such as glass-blowing, which is, nowadays, possessed by a very few people. For example, a university might run a course in sales management which relies heavily on one individual’s research interests. Such a course might prove difficult to run if that individual left or retired.