The Hawk-Eye electronic system is used in tennis for displaying an instant replay that shows whether a ball is in bounds or out of bounds so players can challenge calls made by referees. In a recent U.S. Open, singles players made 879 challenges and 231 of them were successful, with the call overturned. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that fewer than 1/3 of the challenges are successful. What do the results suggest about the ability of players to see calls better than referees?

Identify the indicated values or interpret the given display. Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution, as described in Part 1 of this section. Use a 0.05 significance level and answer the following:

a. Is the test two-tailed, left-tailed, or right-tailed?
b. What is the test statistic?
c. What is the P-value?
d. What is the null hypothesis, and what do you conclude about it?
e. What is the final conclusion?