Consider the integral (int_{0}^{2 pi} frac{d theta}{5-4 cos theta}). a. Evaluate this integral by making the substitution
Question:
Consider the integral \(\int_{0}^{2 \pi} \frac{d \theta}{5-4 \cos \theta}\).
a. Evaluate this integral by making the substitution \(2 \cos \theta=z+\frac{1}{z}\), \(z=e^{i \theta}\), and using complex integration methods.
b. In the 1800 , Weierstrass introduced a method for computing integrals involving rational functions of sine and cosine. One makes the substitution \(t=\tan \frac{\theta}{2}\) and converts the integrand into a rational function of \(t\). Note that the integration around the unit circle corresponds to \(t \in(-\infty, \infty)\).
i. Show that
\[\sin \theta=\frac{2 t}{1+t^{2}}, \quad \cos \theta=\frac{1-t^{2}}{1+t^{2}}\]
ii. Show that
\[d \theta=\frac{2 d t}{1+t^{2}}\]
iii. Use the Weierstrass substitution to compute the above integral.
Step by Step Answer:
A Course In Mathematical Methods For Physicists
ISBN: 9781138442085
1st Edition
Authors: Russell L Herman