Questions and Answers of Fundamentals of Statistics

If X is normal random variable with mean 40 and standard deviation 10 and P1(X < 38) = 0.4207, then P(X ≤ 38) =_______.
The notation za is the z-score such that the area under the standard normal curve to the right of za is________.
Mark Twain, in his book Life on the Mississippi (1884), makes the following observation:Therefore, the Mississippi between Cairo and New Orleans was twelve hundred and fifteen miles long one hundred
Explain the meaning of Legendre’s quote given on page 191.
(a) Roll a single die 50 times, recording the result of each roll of the die. Use the results to approximate the probability of rolling a three.(b) Roll a single die 100 times, recording the result
Find the slope and y–intercept of each line. Graph the line.y - x = 0
Find the slope and y–intercept of each line. Graph the line.x = 2
Find the slope and y–intercept of each line. Graph the line.y = -1
Find the slope and y–intercept of each line. Graph the line.x = -4
Find the slope and y–intercept of each line. Graph the line.x - y = 2
Find the slope and y–intercept of each line. Graph the line.x + y = 1
Find the slope and y–intercept of each line. Graph the line.y = 2x + 1/2
Find the slope and y–intercept of each line. Graph the line.y = 1/2 x + 2
Find the slope and y–intercept of each line. Graph the line.1/3 x + y = 2
Find the slope and y–intercept of each line. Graph the line.1/2 y = x - 1
Find an equation of the line L. Уд (2, 2) 2 (-1,1) -2 -1
Find an equation of the line L. 3 (-1,3) \(1, 1) 2х -2 -1F
Find an equation of the line L. y A 2 (2, 1) (0,0) -2 -1 2
The slope and a point on a line are given. Use this information to locate three additional points on the line.Slope 3; point (2, 1)
Graph the line containing the point P and having slope m.P = (1, 3); slope undefined
Determine the F-test statistic based on the given summary statistics. Population Sample Size Sample Mean Sample Variance 105 15 1 34 15 40 110 15 108 3 30 15 4 90 38
Determine the F-test statistic based on the given summary statistics. Population Sample Size Sample Mean Sample Variance 48 10 40 42 31 10 25 3 10 44
(a) Find the slope of the line (b) Interpret the slope. y. |(2,2) (-1,1) -2 -1 2 х
(a) Find the slope of the line (b) Interpret the slope. УА (1,1) (-2, 2) 2 -2 -1
(a) Find the slope of the line (b) Interpret the slope. УА (-2, 1) 2- Го,0) , 2 х -1- -2
(a) Find the slope of the line (b) Interpret the slope. Ул 2 (2, 1) (0,0) -2 -1F 2 х
Why does the test for homogeneity follow the same procedures as the test for independence?
Conduct a survey in your school by randomly asking 50 students whether they drive to school. Based on the results of the survey, approximate the probability that a randomly selected student drives to
Use a graphing calculator or statistical software to simulate rolling a six-sided die 100 times, using an integer distribution with numbers one through six.(a) Use the results of the simulation to
Use a graphing calculator or statistical software to simulate the playing of the game of roulette, using an integer distribution with numbers 1 through 38. Repeat the simulation 100 times. Let the
Choose any quantitative variable from the Sullivan Stats Survey I at www.pearsonhighered.com/sullivanstat. Now choose a qualitative variable, such as gender or political philosophy. Determine the
Choose two quantitative variables from the Sullivan Stats Survey I at www.pearsonhighered.com/sullicanstats for which a comparison is reasonable, such as number of hours of television versus number
Choose a continuous quantitative variable from the Sullivan Survey I data set at www.pearsonhighered.com/sullivanstats and obtain an appropriate graphical summary of the variable.
Choose a qualitative variable from the Sullivan StatCrunch Survey I data set at www.pearsonhighered.com/sullivanstats and summarize the variable by gender?
Choose a qualitative variable from the Sullivan StatCrunch Survey I data set at www.pearsonhighered.com/sullivanstats and summarize the variable?
Many newspaper articles discuss the dangers of teens texting while driving. Suppose you are a journalist and want to chime in on the discussion. However, you want your article to be more compelling,
Go to an online science magazine such as Science Daily (www.sciencedaily.com) or an open source online medical journal such as BioMed Central (www.biomedcentral.com) and identify an article that
In October 2014, there was an Ebola breakout in West Africa. At the time, there was no vaccine for the virus, however, there were some experimental drugs that had not yet been approved for humans.
People often respond to survey questions without any knowledge of the subject matter. A common example of this is the discussion on banning dihydrogen monoxide. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
Write two questions that could have different responses, depending on the order in which the questions are presented. Or write a single question such that the order in which words are presented could
Write a survey question that contains strong wording and one that contains tempered wording. Post each question in an online survey site such as StatCrunch, surveymonkey.com, or polldaddy.com.
In the early 1990s, Gallup asked Americans whether they supported the United States bombing Serbian forces in Bosnia. In this survey, 35% of respondents supported the idea. The very same day, ABC
Develop a survey that you could administer using online survey tools such as Stat-Crunch, surveymonkey.com, or polldaddy.com. Administer the survey. Did the responses accurately reflect the goals of
Research the sampling methods used by a market research firm in your neighborhood. Report your findings to the class. The report should include the types of sampling methods used, number of stages,
Research the origins of the Gallup Poll and the current sampling method the organization uses. Report your findings to the class?
In the 2014 Current Population Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, two average household incomes were reported: $53,657 and $75,738. One of these averages is the mean and the other is the
The weather forecast says there is a 10% chance of rain on Thursday. Jim wakes up on Thursday and sees overcast skies. Since it has rained for the past three days, he believes that the chance of rain
Why is it desirable to have the explanatory variables spread out to test a hypothesis regarding β1 or to construct confidence intervals about β1?
For the hypotheses in Problem 19, the null hypothesis is not rejected.Problem 19The standard deviation in the pressure required to open a certain valve is known to be σ = 0.7 psi. Due to changes in
For the hypotheses in Problem 18, the null hypothesis is rejected.Problem 18Federal law requires that a jar of peanut butter that is labeled as containing 32 ounces must contain at least 32 ounces. A
For the hypotheses in Problem 17, the null hypothesis is not rejected.Problem 17According to the National Association of Home Builders, the mean price of an existing single-family home in 2013 was
Decide whether the problem requires a confidence interval or hypothesis test, and determine the variable of interest. For any problem requiring a confidence interval, state whether the confidence
According to QSR Magazine, Chick-fil-A has the best accuracy of drive thru orders with 96.4% of all its drive thru orders filled correctly. The manager of a competing fast food restaurant wants to
For the hypotheses in Problem 16, the null hypothesis is not rejected.Problem 16Historically, the time to order and deliver a pizza at Jimbo’s pizza was 48 minutes. Jim, the owner, implements a new
Researchers measured regular testosterone levels in a random sample of athletes and then measured testosterone levels prior to an athletic event. They wanted to know whether testosterone levels
The null and alternative hypotheses are given. Determine whether the hypothesis test is left-tailed, right-tailed, or two tailed. What parameter is being tested?H0: σ = 7.8H1: σ ≠ 7.8
_________ is a procedure, based on sample evidence and probability, used to test statements regarding a characteristic of one or more populations.
What do the y-coordinates on the least-squares regression line represent?
In the least-squares regression model, yi = β1xi + β0 + εi, εi is a random error term with mean and standard deviation σεi =.
In a chi-square test for ________ of proportions, we test whether different populations have the same proportion of individuals with some characteristic
Intervals constructed about the predicted value of y, at a given level of x, that are used to measure the accuracy of a single individual’s prediction are called _______ intervals for a(n) ______
A pit boss is concerned that a pair of dice being used in a craps game is not fair. The distribution of the expected sum of two fair dice is as follows:The pit boss rolls the dice 400 times and
Intervals constructed about the predicted value of y, at a given level of x, that are used to measure the accuracy of the mean response of all individuals in the population are called _______
True or False: In a least-squares regression, the response variable is normally distributed with mean μy\x and standard deviation σ.
True or False: The expected frequencies in a chi-square test for independence are found using the formulaExpected frequency = (row total)(column total)/table total
Suppose a least-squares regression line is given by ŷ = 4.302x - 3.293. What is the mean value of the response variable if x = 20?
While exercising by climbing stairs, is it better to take one stair, or two stairs, at a time? Researchers identified 30 volunteers who were asked to climb stairs for two different 15-minute
Does turmeric (an antioxidant that can be added to foods) help with depression? Researchers randomly assigned 200 adult women who were clinically depressed to two groups. Group 1 had turmeric added
By how much does adiposity (a measure of body fat) differ between adult women who maintain a regular sleep schedule versus women whose sleep schedule fluctuates by 90 minutes or more?For each study,
Do recent graduates from college who have no debt start their own business at a higher rate than recent graduates who have debt between $20,000 and $40,000?For each study, explain which statistical
Does drinking two cups of water before a meal assist with weight loss?For each study, explain which statistical procedure (estimating a single proportion; estimating a single mean; hypothesis test
Explain the difference between an independent and dependent sample.
What proportion of registered voters is in favor of a tax increase to reduce the federal debt?For each study, explain which statistical procedure (estimating a single proportion; estimating a single
What is the typical amount of time 20- to 24-year-old males spend brushing their teeth (each time they brush)?For each study, explain which statistical procedure (estimating a single proportion;
Does Marriott Courtyard charge more than Holiday Inn Express for a one-night stay?For each study, explain which statistical procedure (estimating a single proportion; estimating a single mean;
Do adult males who take a single aspirin daily experience a lower rate of heart attacks than adult males who do not take aspirin daily?For each study, explain which statistical procedure (estimating
Is the mean IQ of the students in Professor Dang’s statistics class higher than that of the general population, 100?For each study, explain which statistical procedure (estimating a single
A psychologist wants to know whether subjects respond faster to a go/no go stimulus or a choice stimulus. With the go/no go stimulus, subjects must respond to a particular stimulus by pressing a
A researcher wants to show the mean from population 1 is less than the mean from population 2 in matched-pairs data. If the observations from sample 1 are Xi and the observations from sample 2 are Yi
A sampling method is _______ when the individuals selected for one sample are used to determine the individuals in the second sample.
A prison warden wants to know if men receive longer sentences for crimes than women. He randomly samples 30 men and matches them with 30 women by type of crime committed and records their lengths of
An urban economist believes that commute times to work in the South are less than commute times to work in the Midwest. He randomly selects 40 employed individuals in the South and 40 employed
A researcher wants to show the mean from population 1 is less than the mean from population 2 in matched-pairs data. If the observations from sample 1 are Xi and the observations from sample 2 are
A sampling method is ______ when the individuals selected for one sample do not dictate which individuals are selected to be in a second sample.
A stock analyst wants to know if there is a difference between the mean rate of return from energy stocks and that from financial stocks. He randomly selects 13 energy stocks and computes the rate of
A researcher wants to know if the mean length of stay in for profit hospitals is different from that in not-for-profit hospitals. He randomly selected 20 individuals in the for-profit hospital and
For the hypotheses in Problem 20, the null hypothesis is not rejected.Problem 20According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 19.6% of children aged 6 to 11 years are overweight. A
From Super Bowl I (1967) through Super Bowl XXXI (1997), the stock market increased if an NFL team won the Super Bowl and decreased if an AFL team won. This condition held 28 out of 31 years.(a)
For the hypotheses in Problem 21, the null hypothesis is rejected.Problem 21According to the CTIA–The Wireless Association, the mean monthly revenue per cell phone was $48.79 in 2014. A researcher
For the hypotheses in Problem 22, the null hypothesis is not rejected.Problem 22In 2014, the standard deviation of SAT score on the Critical Reading Test for all students taking the exam was 112. A
For the hypotheses in Problem 15, the null hypothesis is not rejected.Problem 15For students who first enrolled in two year public institutions in fall 2007, the proportion who earned a bachelor’s
For the hypotheses in Problem 16, the null hypothesis is rejected.Problem 16Historically, the time to order and deliver a pizza at Jimbo’s pizza was 48 minutes. Jim, the owner, implements a new
For the hypotheses in Problem 17, the null hypothesis is rejected.Problem 17According to the National Association of Home Builders, the mean price of an existing single-family home in 2013 was
For the hypotheses in Problem 18, the null hypothesis is not rejected.Problem 18Federal law requires that a jar of peanut butter that is labeled as containing 32 ounces must contain at least 32
The procedures for testing a hypothesis regarding a population mean are robust. What does this mean?
For the hypotheses in Problem 15, the null hypothesis is rejected.Problem 15For students who first enrolled in two year public institutions in fall 2007, the proportion who earned a bachelor’s
In 2014, of the 37 million borrowers who have outstanding student loan balances, 14% have at least one past due student loan account. A researcher with the United States Department of Education
In 2014, the standard deviation of SAT score on the Critical Reading Test for all students taking the exam was 112. A teacher believes that, due to changes to high school curricula, the standard
According to the Pew Research Center, 55% of adult Americans support the death penalty for those convicted of murder. A social scientist wondered whether a higher proportion of adult Americans with
An official with the Internal Revenue Service wished to estimate the proportion of high-income (greater than $100,000 annually) earners who under-reported their net income (and, therefore, their tax

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