The pipe is made of A992 steel and is connected to the collars at A and B. When the temperature is 60°F, there is no axial load in the pipe. If hot gas traveling through the pipe causes its temperature to rise by ΔT = (40 + 15x)°F, where x is in feet, determine the average normal stress in the pipe. The inner diameter is 2 in., the wall thickness is 0.15 in.

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BY B. -8 ft-