5. A major survey conducted by economists David Levine and Laura Tyson found that “In most reported cases the introduction of substantive shop floor participation (job redesign and participatory work groups) leads to some combination of an increase in satisfaction, commitment, quality and productivity, and a reduction in turnover and absenteeism.” Despite that evidence of real cost savings of participatory work groups, only a few U.S. corporate employers (for instance, Xerox and Scott Paper) have taken this high road to labor relations, while many continue to pursue the low road Walmart-like approach to cost saving. Why is that? (Radical)