Which of the types of irrational behavior are suggested by the following events?

a. Although the housing market has fallen and Jenny wants to move, she refuses to sell her house for any amount less than what she paid for it.

b. When Leo shops, he likes to take advantage of the “two-forone”

or “three-for-two” offers that stores frequently display.

As a result, he often buys more than he needs and ends up giving much of it away.

c. Danilo has just started his first job and deliberately decided to opt out of the company’s savings plan. His reasoning is that he is very young and there is plenty of time in the future to start saving. Why not enjoy life now?

d. Emma’s company requires employees to download and fill out a form if they want to participate in the companysponsored savings plan. One year after starting the job, Emma had still not submitted the form needed to participate in the plan.