Many companies make annual reports (sometimes on Form 10-K) available on their corporate website. Access the annual report indicated for each of the following U.S.-based multinational corporations to complete the requirements:

International Business Machines Corporation, 2020 Annual Report.

Oracle Corporation, Form 10-K for the Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 2021.

Required
a. Identify the location(s) in the annual report that provides disclosures related to foreign currency translation and foreign currency hedging.
b. Determine whether the company’s foreign operations have a predominant functional currency.
c. List the amount of translation adjustment, if any, reported in other comprehensive income in each of the three most recent years. Explain the sign (positive or negative) of the translation adjustment in each of the three most recent years.
d. Determine whether each company hedges net investments in foreign operations. If so, determine the type(s) of hedging instrument used.