14.13 A study was conducted to investigate whether high school experience with calculus has an effect on performance in first-year college calculus. A total of 686 students who had completed their first year of college calculus were classified according to their high school calculus experience as Zero (None), Brief (One semester), Year

(Two semesters), and AP (Advanced Placement); these same students were then classified according to their grade in first year college calculus. Test to see whether high school calculus experience has an effect on college grade.

College Grade High School Calculus Zero Brief Year AP A 3 6 32 16 B 23 30 70 56 C 48 51 67 29 D 49 45 27 6 F 71 44 17 2