5. Professor Civiello wishes to investigate problem-solving skills under two conditions: solv-

ing a problem with and without background music. In a carefully controlled experiment involving six research participants, Dr. Civiello records the time it takes each participant to solve a problem when background music is being played and the time required to solve a second problem in the presence of “white noise.” (Half of the participants receive the music condition first, half the white noise condition first.) The following are the results, in milliseconds:

Participant Background Music White Noise A 39 35 B 37 37 C 44 38 D 42 41 E 43 39 F 41 40 Using the direct-difference method:

(a) Set up the statistical hypotheses.

(b) Compute D, SSD, and sD.

(c) Perform the test (α 05).

(d) Draw final conclusions