8.21. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Archive, a 2003 national household survey on drug abuse indicated that for Americans aged 8.22. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, in 2004 the incarceration rate in the nation's prisons was 1 per 109 male residents, 1 per 1563 female residents. 1694 per 100,000 black residents, and 252 per 100,000 white residents {Source:

www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs).

(a) Find the odds ratio between whether incarcerated and (i) gender, (ii) race. Interpret.

(b) According to the odds ratio, which has the stronger association with whether incarcerated, gender or race? Explain.