8.40. Each subject in a sample of 100 men and 100 women is asked to indicate which of the following factors (one or more) are responsible for increases in crime committed by teenagers: A—the increasing gap in income between the rich and poor, B—the increase in the percentage ofsingle-parent families, C—insufficient time that parents spend with their children, D—criminal penalties given by courts are too lenient, E—increasing problems with drugs in society, F—increasing levels of violence shown on TV. To analyze whether responses differ by gender of respondent, we cross-classify the responses by gender, as Table 8.32 shows,

(a) Is it valid to apply the chi-squared test of independence to these data? Explain.

Explain how this table actually provides information needed to cross-classify gender with each of six variables. Construct the contingency table relating gender to opinion about whether the increasing gap in income is responsible for increases in teenage crime.

TABLE 8.32

(b)

Gender A B C D E F Men 60 81 75 63 86 62 Women 75 87 86 46 82 83