Drug Trials. (This problem is based on an example from the

“Ask Marilyn” column in Parade Magazine.) A company runs two trials of two treatments for an illness. In the first trial, Treatment A cures 20% of the cases (40 out of 200)

and Treatment B cures 15% of the cases (30 out of 200).

In the second trial, Treatment A cures 85% of the cases

(85 out of 100) and Treatment B cures 75% of the cases

(300 out of 400). Which treatment had the better cure rate in the two trials individually? Which treatment had the better overall cure rate? Explain why this is an example of Simpson’s paradox and how the paradox can be resolved.